Foxbody Manual Steering Rack: A Comprehensive Guide
The Foxbody Mustang, celebrated for its performance and modifiability, often sees enthusiasts converting to manual steering. This guide explores the benefits, kits, installation, and considerations for a manual steering rack upgrade on your Foxbody.
The Foxbody Mustang, produced from 1979 to 1993, presents a unique platform for automotive enthusiasts. Among the popular modifications is the conversion to a manual steering rack. Originally, some Foxbody models, particularly those with 4-cylinder and 6-cylinder engines, were offered with manual steering as an option. Today, many owners opt for aftermarket manual racks to enhance their driving experience. This conversion involves replacing the power steering system with a manual rack, offering several benefits, including reduced weight and improved steering feel. This guide will explore the details of manual steering rack conversions for Foxbody Mustangs, including available kits, installation considerations, and potential issues to address. Whether you’re seeking improved performance on the track or a more engaging driving experience on the street, understanding the nuances of manual steering racks is essential for any Foxbody enthusiast.
Benefits of Converting to Manual Steering
Converting to manual steering in a Foxbody Mustang offers several compelling advantages for performance enthusiasts. One of the primary benefits is weight reduction. Eliminating the power steering pump, lines, and fluid shaves significant weight from the front end, improving the car’s overall balance and handling. Another key advantage is enhanced steering feel and response. Manual steering provides a more direct connection to the road, allowing the driver to feel subtle changes in the surface and vehicle dynamics. This heightened feedback enhances driver confidence and control, especially during spirited driving or racing. Furthermore, converting to manual steering reduces power drain on the engine. The power steering pump consumes horsepower, which can be freed up for increased acceleration and overall performance. By removing this parasitic loss, the engine becomes more efficient. These benefits make manual steering a desirable modification for Foxbody owners seeking improved performance, feel, and efficiency.
Weight Reduction
One of the most significant advantages of converting to a manual steering rack in your Foxbody Mustang is the substantial weight reduction it offers. The power steering system, including the pump, reservoir, hoses, and fluid, contributes a considerable amount of weight to the front end of the vehicle. By eliminating these components, you can shed approximately 30 to 35 pounds. This reduction in weight has several positive effects on the car’s performance. Firstly, it improves the overall weight distribution, shifting the balance slightly rearward, which can enhance handling and cornering capabilities. Secondly, reducing weight improves acceleration and braking performance, as the engine has less mass to move and the brakes have less inertia to overcome. Lighter cars tend to be more nimble and responsive, providing a more engaging and enjoyable driving experience. For those seeking every possible advantage on the track or a more responsive street car, weight reduction through a manual steering conversion is a worthwhile consideration.
Improved Steering Feel and Response
Converting to a manual steering rack on a Foxbody Mustang offers a marked improvement in steering feel and responsiveness. Unlike power steering systems that can sometimes feel numb or over-assisted, a manual rack provides a more direct and connected experience. The driver gains a greater sense of the road, feeling subtle changes in the surface and the car’s grip. This enhanced feedback allows for more precise control and confident maneuvering, especially during spirited driving or track events. The elimination of the power steering pump and hydraulic system removes a layer of isolation, resulting in a more raw and engaging driving experience. Steering becomes more immediate, translating driver input into quicker and more accurate responses from the front wheels. This improvement is particularly noticeable at higher speeds, where the added precision can significantly enhance stability and control. For drivers who prioritize a visceral connection with their car and a heightened sense of control, a manual steering conversion is an excellent choice.
Reduced Power Drain
One often-overlooked benefit of converting to a manual steering rack in a Foxbody Mustang is the reduction in power drain. A power steering system constantly draws energy from the engine to operate the hydraulic pump, even when not actively steering. This continuous draw reduces overall engine efficiency and can slightly diminish horsepower available to the wheels. By eliminating the power steering pump, pulley, and associated hydraulic lines, a manual steering conversion frees up this otherwise wasted energy. This can translate into a small but noticeable improvement in fuel economy and a more responsive engine. The reduced load on the engine also contributes to decreased wear and tear on the belt system, potentially extending the lifespan of other components. For performance-minded enthusiasts, every bit of horsepower counts, and eliminating the power steering pump represents a simple way to reclaim some lost power. Furthermore, reducing the parasitic draw on the engine can result in a smoother and more consistent power delivery, enhancing the overall driving experience.
Manual Steering Conversion Kits: Overview
Converting your Foxbody Mustang from power steering to manual steering is significantly simplified by using dedicated conversion kits. These kits typically include all the necessary components to remove the existing power steering system and install a manual steering rack. This ensures compatibility and simplifies the installation process. Several manufacturers offer conversion kits specifically designed for the 1979-1993 Foxbody Mustang, each with its own features and price points. Common components included in these kits are a manual steering rack, tie rod ends, a steering shaft with U-joints, and mounting hardware. Some kits may also include a new steering column or modifications to the existing one. When selecting a conversion kit, it’s crucial to consider the quality of the components, the included hardware, and the reputation of the manufacturer. Researching different brands and reading reviews can help you make an informed decision. Popular brands like Flaming River and Unisteer are known for their quality and performance. These kits offer a comprehensive solution for converting to manual steering, providing a more direct and engaging driving experience.
Flaming River Kits
Flaming River offers manual steering conversion kits specifically designed for 1979-1993 Fox Body Mustangs. These kits are engineered to provide a precise and responsive steering feel, enhancing the driving experience. A key benefit of using a Flaming River kit is the weight reduction achieved by eliminating the power steering pump, pulley, and related components. This can significantly improve the car’s handling and overall performance. Flaming River kits are known for their quality construction and comprehensive nature, including all necessary parts for a seamless installation. The kits are designed to bolt directly into the Fox Body chassis, minimizing the need for modifications. Furthermore, Flaming River offers both factory ratio (20:1) and quick ratio (15:1) options, allowing you to tailor the steering response to your specific driving style and preferences. The quick ratio option provides a more sensitive and reactive steering feel, ideal for racing or performance-oriented driving. The company’s commitment to quality and performance makes their kits a popular choice among Fox Body enthusiasts seeking a manual steering upgrade.
Unisteer Kits
Unisteer also provides comprehensive manual steering conversion kits for 1979-1993 Fox Body Mustangs, offering another excellent option for enthusiasts. These kits are designed to eliminate the power steering system, resulting in a weight reduction of approximately 35 pounds from the front end of the vehicle; This weight savings contributes to improved handling and a more responsive driving experience. Unisteer kits typically include a manual steering rack and pinion, tie rod ends, a steering shaft with U-joints, and mounting hardware, ensuring a complete and straightforward installation. The kits are available in a standard 20:1 steering ratio, providing a balance between steering effort and responsiveness. Unisteer is recognized for producing high-quality steering components that are durable and reliable. Their conversion kits are engineered to meet or exceed OEM specifications, ensuring a proper fit and long-lasting performance. By converting to a Unisteer manual steering system, Fox Body owners can enhance the connection to the road and enjoy a more engaging driving experience. These kits are a popular choice for those seeking a reliable and effective manual steering upgrade.
Components Included in Conversion Kits
Manual steering conversion kits for Foxbody Mustangs typically include several essential components to facilitate a complete and effective swap. The core of the kit is the manual steering rack itself, designed to replace the original power steering unit. Tie rod ends are included to connect the rack to the steering knuckles, ensuring proper geometry and steering response. A new steering shaft, often with U-joints, is part of the kit to link the steering wheel to the manual rack, allowing for smooth and precise steering input. Mounting hardware, such as bolts and brackets, is also provided to secure the rack in place. Some kits may also include a power steering delete pulley to replace the power steering pump, further reducing weight and eliminating unnecessary components. These kits are designed to provide all necessary parts for a straightforward installation, ensuring that the conversion process is as seamless as possible. By including all essential components, conversion kits simplify the process of upgrading to manual steering, allowing Foxbody owners to enjoy the benefits of improved steering feel and reduced weight.
Choosing the Right Steering Ratio
Selecting the appropriate steering ratio is crucial for optimizing the driving experience after a manual steering conversion on a Foxbody Mustang. The steering ratio determines how much the steering wheel needs to be turned to achieve a certain amount of wheel movement. A lower ratio means quicker steering response, while a higher ratio requires more steering wheel input for the same wheel movement.
Foxbody manual steering racks are generally available in two common ratios: factory ratio (20:1) and quick ratio (15:1). The factory ratio (20:1) offers a balance between steering effort and responsiveness, making it suitable for street driving and those new to manual steering. The quick ratio (15:1) provides a more aggressive steering feel, ideal for racing or performance-oriented applications.
Consider your driving style and intended use when choosing a steering ratio. A quick ratio enhances agility and control, while a factory ratio offers a more relaxed and predictable feel. Ultimately, the best choice depends on personal preference and driving needs.
Factory Ratio (20:1)
The factory ratio, typically 20:1, represents the original steering configuration found in Foxbody Mustangs equipped with manual steering. This ratio signifies that for every 20 degrees of steering wheel rotation, the wheels turn one degree. Choosing a 20:1 ratio for your manual steering conversion offers a familiar and predictable steering feel, closely resembling the original driving experience.
This ratio generally results in a moderate steering effort, making it suitable for daily driving and extended periods behind the wheel. Drivers who prioritize comfort and ease of use, especially in low-speed maneuvers, might find the 20:1 ratio more appealing.
Furthermore, the factory ratio provides a stable and controlled feel, particularly beneficial for novice drivers or those seeking a balanced driving experience. It offers a good compromise between responsiveness and effort, making it a versatile option for various driving conditions.
Quick Ratio (15:1)
Opting for a quick ratio, such as 15:1, in your manual steering conversion significantly alters the steering dynamics of your Foxbody Mustang. This ratio implies that for every 15 degrees of steering wheel rotation, the wheels turn one degree. The result is a more responsive and agile steering feel, ideal for performance-oriented drivers.
A 15:1 ratio demands less steering wheel input to achieve the same wheel angle compared to the factory ratio, enhancing the car’s responsiveness to driver commands. This quicker response is particularly advantageous in autocross, road racing, or spirited street driving.
However, it’s crucial to acknowledge that a quick ratio typically increases steering effort, especially at low speeds. This heightened effort might be noticeable during parking maneuvers or navigating tight spaces. Despite the increased effort, many drivers embrace the enhanced feedback and control offered by a 15:1 ratio, ultimately improving the overall driving experience.
Installation Process: A Step-by-Step Guide
Converting to a manual steering rack in your Foxbody Mustang requires careful execution. Begin by safely lifting the car and securing it with jack stands. Disconnect the battery to prevent electrical issues. The initial step involves removing the existing power steering system, including the pump, lines, and rack. Drain the power steering fluid before disconnecting the lines to minimize spillage.
Next, detach the power steering rack from the chassis, carefully noting the orientation of bolts and hardware for reassembly if needed. With the power steering system removed, prepare the manual steering rack for installation. Mount the new rack to the chassis using the appropriate hardware, ensuring proper alignment.
Connect the tie rod ends to the spindles, adjusting them to roughly match the original length of the power steering setup. Finally, connect the steering shaft to the manual steering rack, ensuring a secure and properly aligned connection. A professional alignment is crucial after installation.
Removing the Power Steering System
The first critical step in converting your Foxbody Mustang to manual steering is carefully removing the existing power steering system. Begin by safely lifting your vehicle and securing it on jack stands. Ensure the car is stable before proceeding. Locate the power steering fluid reservoir and carefully drain the fluid. Disconnect the hoses connected to the power steering pump, taking precautions to avoid spills.
Next, detach the power steering pump from its mounting bracket, carefully noting the location of all bolts and hardware for potential future use. Disconnect the power steering lines from the rack and pinion unit, again being mindful of fluid leakage. With all lines disconnected, unbolt the power steering rack from the car’s frame.
Carefully remove the entire power steering rack assembly from the vehicle. Inspect the area for any remaining brackets or components related to the power steering system and remove those as well. Clean the area to prepare for the installation of the manual steering rack.
Installing the Manual Steering Rack
With the power steering system completely removed, the next step involves installing the new manual steering rack. Carefully position the manual steering rack into the original mounting location. Ensure that the rack is properly aligned with the frame rails and mounting points. Secure the rack using the appropriate bolts and hardware, tightening them to the manufacturer’s specified torque.
Double-check the rack’s alignment to guarantee proper operation. Next, connect the steering shaft to the input shaft on the manual steering rack. Depending on the kit, this may involve using a new steering shaft or adapting the existing one. Ensure the connection is secure and properly aligned to avoid binding.
Finally, attach the outer tie rod ends to the spindles, ensuring they are tightened to the correct torque specification. Verify that all connections are secure and properly aligned before proceeding. With the rack securely mounted and connected, the next step involves connecting the tie rods and steering shaft.
Connecting Tie Rods and Steering Shaft
Once the manual steering rack is installed, connecting the tie rods and steering shaft is crucial. Attach the inner tie rod ends to the manual steering rack. Ensure they are properly threaded and tightened according to the manufacturer’s specifications. Next, connect the outer tie rod ends to the spindles.
Adjust the tie rod sleeves to achieve proper toe alignment. After that, it’s time to connect the steering shaft. Align the steering shaft with the manual steering rack’s input shaft. Secure the connection using the appropriate hardware, such as U-joints and bolts, ensuring everything is tightened properly.
Double-check all connections to ensure they are secure and properly aligned. With the tie rods and steering shaft connected, verify the steering wheel’s range of motion. There should be no binding or excessive play. Make any necessary adjustments to the tie rod sleeves to fine-tune the alignment. This step is critical for ensuring smooth and responsive steering.
Considerations for Specific Foxbody Models
When converting to a manual steering rack on a Foxbody Mustang, it’s important to consider the specific model. Differences exist between the various Foxbody trims, which can impact the installation process and overall feel. For 4-cylinder and 6-cylinder models, manual steering was an option in the early years. This means that some of these models may already have the necessary components or mounting points for a manual rack.
On the other hand, GT and Cobra models typically came with power steering, so a complete conversion kit is often required. The effort required to steer may vary based on the specific model, with Cobra models potentially having a higher effort. The steering racks might be different on special models of the Mustang. Always verify compatibility and consider any model-specific adjustments that may be needed for a seamless installation.
4-Cylinder and 6-Cylinder Models
For Foxbody Mustangs originally equipped with 4-cylinder or 6-cylinder engines, converting to a manual steering rack can be a simpler process. Manual steering was offered as a factory option on these models, particularly in the early years of the Foxbody platform. This means that some of these vehicles may already have the appropriate steering column, mounting points, and other necessary components for a manual rack.
In some cases, it may be possible to source a manual steering rack from another Foxbody, such as a Fairmont or Zephyr, to complete the conversion. However, it’s crucial to verify compatibility and ensure that all necessary parts are included. While this can simplify the conversion, it’s still important to carefully inspect all components and follow a step-by-step installation guide to ensure proper functionality and safety.
GT and Cobra Models
GT and Cobra Foxbody Mustangs, typically equipped with V8 engines and power steering, present unique considerations for manual steering rack conversions. These models did not come factory-equipped with manual steering, requiring a complete conversion kit for a seamless installation. Selecting the appropriate steering ratio is crucial, as GT and Cobra models may benefit from a quicker ratio (15:1) for enhanced responsiveness.
Due to the heavier front end of V8-powered Foxbodies, steering effort will be noticeably higher, especially at low speeds. Ensure that all components, including tie rod ends and the steering shaft, are compatible with the GT or Cobra chassis. The conversion process involves removing the power steering pump, lines, and rack, followed by installing the manual rack and connecting the steering shaft. Careful alignment and attention to detail are essential for optimal steering feel and performance.
Potential Issues and Solutions
Converting to a manual steering rack in a Foxbody Mustang can present challenges. Increased steering effort, particularly at low speeds and during parking, is a common concern. This can be mitigated by choosing an appropriate steering ratio and ensuring proper tire inflation. Compatibility issues with aftermarket components, such as headers or suspension modifications, may arise, requiring careful planning and component selection.
Another potential problem is improper alignment after installation, leading to poor handling and tire wear. A professional alignment is crucial to ensure optimal performance. Additionally, the removal of the power steering system can affect the car’s overall weight distribution, which may require adjustments to the suspension setup. Thorough research and careful execution are key to a successful conversion.
Increased Steering Effort at Low Speeds
One of the most noticeable changes after converting to a manual steering rack in your Foxbody Mustang is the increased steering effort, especially at low speeds. Without the assistance of a power steering pump, turning the wheel at a standstill or during parking maneuvers requires significantly more muscle. This is due to the direct mechanical connection between the steering wheel and the wheels, providing no hydraulic assistance.
Drivers accustomed to power steering may find this initially challenging, but it becomes more manageable with practice. Ensuring proper tire inflation can help reduce the effort required. Some drivers may also consider a smaller diameter steering wheel to improve leverage. While the effort is higher, the trade-off is often a more direct and responsive steering feel at higher speeds, enhancing the overall driving experience.
Compatibility with Aftermarket Components
When upgrading to a manual steering rack in your Foxbody Mustang, it’s crucial to consider compatibility with other aftermarket components. Suspension modifications, such as aftermarket A-arms or coilovers, can affect steering geometry and potentially introduce bump steer. Ensuring that the manual steering rack integrates seamlessly with these components is essential for optimal performance.
Carefully evaluate the tie rod ends and steering shaft connections to ensure they are compatible with both the manual rack and your existing setup. Some aftermarket components may require specific adapters or modifications for proper fitment. Consulting with experienced Foxbody enthusiasts or professional installers can provide valuable insights into potential compatibility issues. Proper alignment after installation is also critical to ensure the steering system functions correctly and safely with your chosen aftermarket components. Addressing these compatibility concerns will lead to a well-integrated and performing system.
Is a Manual Steering Rack Right for Your Foxbody?
Maintenance and Care of Manual Steering Racks
Proper maintenance and care are vital for ensuring the longevity and optimal performance of your Foxbody’s manual steering rack. Regularly inspect the rack and pinion for any signs of wear, damage, or leaks. Pay close attention to the tie rod ends and ball joints, as these components are crucial for steering precision.
Lubrication is key to smooth operation. Check the grease fittings and apply high-quality grease as needed, following the manufacturer’s recommendations. Periodically inspect the steering shaft and U-joints for looseness or play, addressing any issues promptly to prevent further wear. Keeping the steering rack clean and free from debris will also contribute to its overall health. By adhering to a consistent maintenance schedule, you can maximize the lifespan and performance of your manual steering rack, ensuring responsive and reliable steering for your Foxbody Mustang.